A selection of English ESL give way signs printables

An exercise which asks students to draw and label shapes that are part of their everyday life e.g stop signs, give way signs, kitchen table etc.

Shapes Around Us Quiz

These file can be used as a poster on the classroom walls or as a flashcards to teach how to give directions. There are expressions such as;

Go straight ahead

Cross the street

Take the first left/right

Take the second/left/right

Turn left

Turn right

It's on your left/right.

Go past...

You can cut the pictures from the commands and laminate them separately to have students play matching game. If you want you can stick magnets at the back of the pictures and this way the students can play on the board.

Giving Directions

The lesson is designed to help students get to grips with analysing texts and presenting this information in a clear way. It will also give an insight into the lives of individuals, many of whom have historical or literary significance.



It will take place over two 60 minute classes. It requires a high level of English ability (B2+) and could also be a good activity with native speakers. It is aimed at older teenagers (16+) and adults. 



Objectives: To develop independent and group research skills; to improve critical analysis of texts; increase vocabulary; improve presentation skills

Historical Letters: Analysis and Presentation

Couldn't find a map I liked so I made my own. Good exercise for practicing preposition of place and movement.

Extra big map on page 3.

Give and follow directions on a map

[CHARADES]

Getting students up and moving in the classroom is a great way to keep them focused. Charades is a game that most students already know, so it’s easy to use for teaching phrasal verbs.



Cut up the verbs and place them into a hat or bowl. Students can draw the phrasal verb and must act it out without using any words or sign language.



Decide whether hand-raising or calling out is better for this game, based on your classroom and students. Either way, the person who guesses the phrasal verb correctly gets to go next!



[Taboo: For When Charades Gets Old]

You can only play charades so many times! Taboo is another option that not only allows you to change it up a little bit, but also affords the student an on-the-spot opportunity to speak a bit too.



Taboo is a card game that you can easily recreate in the classroom. You can either use folded pieces of paper, as in charades, or you can make your own laminated cards to reuse time and time again.



The idea of Taboo is that you must describe a word (in this case, phrasal verb), without using the words on the card. Here’s an example:



For “grow up,” a student could say, “This means when children are getting older.” The student can keep talking and giving more clues until another student finds the right answer, but they cannot use the word “grow” or “up.”



For more advanced learners, you can make the game more challenging by adding a few extra “taboo” words to each card, such as “age,” “older” and “children” for the “grow up” card.



They’ll have to be more creative in their descriptions, and might give a clue such as, “When you are born, you are small, but you do this and become an adult.”

Phrasal Verbs Charades/Taboo

This engaging worksheet is designed to help students understand the qualities important in finding a significant other, using a fun and relatable context of a reality dating show. The worksheet includes a variety of activities to enhance comprehension and encourage personal reflection.

Starting with comprehension questions, students will solidify their understanding of the text through multiple-choice, true or false, and short-answer questions. Group discussions foster collaborative thinking, allowing students to share what they value in an ideal partner and why.

The creative writing activity gives students the chance to describe their ideal partner, promoting personal reflection and storytelling skills. A research and report task encourages students to find and write about inspiring real-life stories of couples, enhancing their research and writing abilities.

A role-play activity allows students to practice their communication skills by acting out a blind date scenario, where they highlight different qualities that make a good match. This interactive element makes learning fun and engaging.

Overall, this worksheet helps students develop a deeper understanding of relationship qualities, improving their language skills while making the lesson enjoyable and relevant to their lives. Teachers will appreciate its versatility and the way it encourages active participation and creative thinking.

Finding the Perfect Match: Meet Jack

This engaging worksheet is designed to help students understand qualities important in finding a significant other, using a fun and relatable context of a reality dating show. The worksheet includes a variety of activities to enhance comprehension and encourage personal reflection. 

Starting with comprehension questions, students will solidify their understanding of the text through multiple-choice, true or false, and short-answer questions. Group discussions foster collaborative thinking, allowing students to share what they value in an ideal partner and why. 

The creative writing activity gives students the chance to describe their ideal partner, promoting personal reflection and storytelling skills. A research and report task encourages students to find and write about inspiring real-life stories of couples, enhancing their research and writing abilities. 

A role-play activity allows students to practice their communication skills by acting out a blind date scenario, where they highlight different qualities that make a good match. This interactive element makes learning fun and engaging.

Overall, this worksheet helps students develop a deeper understanding of relationship qualities, improving their language skills while making the lesson enjoyable and relevant to their lives. Teachers will appreciate its versatility and the way it encourages active participation and creative thinking.

Finding the Perfect Match

This engaging worksheet is designed to help students understand the importance of mothers in child development. It includes a variety of activities that encourage students to think critically and reflect on their own experiences. Starting with comprehension questions, students will reinforce their understanding of the text by answering multiple-choice, true or false, and short-answer questions. Group discussions foster collaborative thinking, allowing students to share their thoughts on why mothers are essential and how other family members can also provide support.

A creative writing activity gives students the opportunity to write about a special memory with their mother or a mother figure, promoting personal reflection and storytelling skills. The research and report task encourages students to find and write about inspiring stories of mothers who have made a significant impact, enhancing their research and writing abilities. The DIY Mother's Day gift activity combines creativity and thoughtfulness, as students think of and create a special gift for their mother or mother figure.

For homework, students can choose to either draw a comic strip showing how a mother helps her children or make a short video demonstrating a meaningful interaction with their mother. This worksheet not only enhances reading and writing skills but also integrates creativity and personal reflection, making it a comprehensive tool for engaging learners in a topic that is both relatable and important. Teachers will appreciate its versatility and the way it encourages active participation and creative thinking.

The Importance of Mothers in Child Development

English idioms are an attractive, entertaining part of the language, but sometimes beginners pay too much attention. From this article written by essay-company writers (https://essaycompany.org/), you will learn what idioms are and whether they are worth remembering. The difference between an idiom and a proverb where butterflies in the stomach come from, and what it is that spoon that sucks with fear.



What are idioms?



Idioms or phraseological expressions are stable turns of speech, indecomposable combinations of words, understood, as a rule, in symbolic meaning. The meaning of its constituent words does not determine the importance of the whole expression. Often the sense of an idiom is difficult to guess, to understand from its constituent words if you are not familiar with it.



For example: to be in the same boat. It means "to be in the same situation, to experience the same difficulties.



"I understand your problem. We are in the same boat."



Idioms are called stable, indecomposable combinations because they are used in a fixed form. For example, no one says to sit together in the same boat or be in the same vessel. An idiom is used as a ready-made figurative pattern for some typical situations.



The meaning of the expression about the boat can probably be guessed, primarily when heard in context, but there are idioms whose purpose is impossible to imagine.



"I want to buy a Saturday night special, but I'm scared to own it."



Idioms are called stable, indecomposable combinations because they are used in a fixed form. For example, no one says to sit together in the same boat or be in the same vessel. An idiom is used as a ready-made figurative pattern for some typical situations.



"A rolling stone gathers no moss."



The meaning is a person who often changes his place of residence, occupation, never settles down, does not settle down. Accordingly, the equivalent would be: "he who does not sit still will not make a good living."



How many idioms are there in the English language?



There are thousands of idioms in English, but it is impossible to tell the exact number, just as it is impossible to say the precise number of words in the language. For example, the Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms (M. McCarthy, 1998) has 5782 dictionary entries, but that number doesn't say much.



English idioms are as much living units of speech as words, and their numbers are constantly changing. Some idioms live for centuries, while others quickly go out of use.



English idioms, proverbs, colloquial formulas, phrasal verbs, and other similar units of speech



Idioms can easily be confused with proverbs, various speech patterns, phrasal verbs. Even scientists sometimes find it difficult to distinguish them.



Idioms are a type of formulaiс language - stable, indecomposable expressions that should be understood and taught as a single unit of speech, rather than a group of words.



These patterns include:



1. Greetings and good wishes



How are you? 

Have a good day!



2. Prepositional groups or prepositional phrases



In a minute 

Once in a while



3. Proverbs, sayings, proverbs, quotations.



Bad news travels fast 

Buy the best, and you only cry once 



4. Phrasal verbs.



To look for

To sign in



5. To look for, to look for, sign in, and register. 5.



Blond hair 

Deeply disappointed



6. Conversational speech formulas



You have to be kidding!

Do you see what I'm saying?



7. Idioms



A penny for your thought

To give the green light



As you can see, the line between idioms and similar expressions is sometimes tough to draw. For example, the phrasal verb to look for cannot be called an idiom - there is nothing conversational about it, that is, any symbolic meaning. But the phrasal verb to sail through can easily be confused with an idiom because it has a symbolic meaning.



В idioms, and even more so in various collections of phrases on the Internet, are often found not only in dictionaries but in everything that remotely resembles them. It has at least a hint of idiom, including individual words with symbolic meanings.



How much knowledge of English idioms is necessary?



Sometimes I think that English idioms are almost the first necessity because they are ubiquitous in English.



Honestly, not that often.



It is beneficial and exciting to know idioms, but there is no point in learning them on purpose. Let's consider two cases: knowing idioms for their use in speech and understanding speech or text.



1. Use of idioms in speech



Many idioms have a stylistic coloring, are used in informal speech, are characteristic of some social or age groups. 



2. Understanding idioms



In my experience, I can say that when speaking to native speakers, idioms are rare. Often there are:



colloquial clichés,

phrasal verbs,

sentence groups.



But idioms, that is, turnips with symbolic meaning, like it rains cats and dogs when pigs fly, are rare. Your interlocutors understand that English is not your native language and try to speak without much difficulty.



By the way, many have noticed that when you talk to a foreigner in the company, you understand him well, but when they talk to each other, nothing is understandable. People talk to each other in their everyday language without making allowance for the "foreignness" of the interlocutor, so their speech can be dotted with slang and incomprehensible jokes.



Do I need to learn idioms?



If you have recently started studying English, you still have a small vocabulary, and reading a page of English text gives you a headache. You do not need to learn, memorize English idioms by heart actively. Idioms are quite an advanced part of the language, not a priority initially. If you discover a list of 100 or 200 idioms, in practical terms, it will give you very little because they are not so common, but your head will be scored thoroughly.



But idioms are perceived by many as an attractive, curious part of language, something like amazing facts or "did you know that...?" In that case, idioms can just be read at your leisure as something entertaining.



But if you're actively reading and listening in English, you'll sometimes encounter idioms. I think you should memorize them at a comprehension level, but there is no point in learning them so solidly that you can use them freely in speech - they are not such ordinary and necessary expressions.



Fortunately, memorizing idioms at the comprehension level is relatively easy, thanks to their vividness, imagery, and sometimes an entertaining origin story. The unusual and vivid things are best imprinted on the memory.



Popular English idioms with translation - a selection from personal experience



In conclusion, here is a selection of idioms that I have encountered in practice: I have not read them out of a textbook, but heard them from someone, met them while reading, and for some reason, they stuck in my memory. Here is my list of popular idioms.



Piece of cake - easy as pie, like a piece of cake.



It's an expression I learned as a kid. In Terminator 2, John Connor, the future savior of humanity, hacks into an ATM with some electronic device and steals money from it. "Piece of cake," John says and runs away.



To ring a bell - to remind you of something, to ring a bell.



The idiom has been seen several times in movies and detectives and is remembered because of the imagery. The ringing of a bell symbolizes a sudden thought.



Rule of thumb - A simple rule of thumb, an approximate way of judging letters.



The rule of thumb is a simple, practical method of not measuring something accurately. Linguist Paul Nation likes to use the expression in scientific papers and lectures.



The origin of the idiom is not precisely established. One version says that the "rule of thumb" came from the old carpenters' way of measuring - with a finger, not a measuring instrument. Everyone's fingers, of course, are different, so such a "tape measure" was not distinguished by accuracy but was easy to use. According to another version, the expression came from an alleged law in England, according to which the husband was allowed to beat his spouse with a stick, but not thicker than his thumb.



To have a crush on someone.



The expression is often found in youth comedies, teen literature, and sitcoms such as "The Friends" or "How I Met Your Mother.



Different ball game 



It's an expression I've only heard from one person, but many times. Do you know how some people have favorite words and phrases? Just such a case in point. An acquaintance of mine in America, a kindly elderly uncle who loved to spout wisdom and talk about the old days, used to say things like.



Jumpscare, in horror movies: a sudden frightening of the viewer, literally: a jump scare.



One of the essential and most effective scare tools in the horror movie and game makers' arsenal, which is why I don't like the genre. In its most primitive form, it looks like this.



The hero sneaks down the dark hallway of a vampire castle with a flashlight, the music building up a tense atmosphere. He approaches a large mirror on the wall, and then there is a rustle, and a shadow flashes behind him. The hero sharply turns around and sees that it is just a mouse. He exhales and says, "It's just a damn mouse!" and turns to the mirror, AND THERE!!! Plus a robust and squealing sound effect. Such scares make the viewer jump on the spot (apparently, hence the name).



The device is hackneyed among genre fans who have resorted to it in a cheap horror movie. In good horror, scare in much more subtle, profound ways, forcing not just the occasional jumping out, dropping popcorn, and the entire film to sit in suspense, and by the end just burning your nervous system to the ground.



I was introduced to this cinematic term when I watched the walkthrough of the super scary game PT on YouTube. Someone wrote in the comments that the frequent use of jump scare frustrated him - such a good game and such a cheap trick.



The bottom line is the gist, summary, lit.: bottom line, bottom line, bottom line.



This idiom means approximately the same: inference, conclusion. For example, a long article may end with a paragraph called "Conclusion" or "The Bottom Line. 



Street smart 



I heard the expression in a conversation with an American journalist, John Alpert. He said he had never been super bright, except for being street smart.



Street smart is a smartness acquired not at school and over books, but on the street, in life, in everyday life. It is also understood in a narrower sense: the ability to survive on the street.

English Idioms By EssayCompany: what are they, and should you learn them?

The transition from carefree summer days to the structured routine of the classroom marks the all-important back to school season, a time filled with anticipation, excitement, and often, a touch of anxiety for young children and their parents alike. Whether your child is stepping into a school for the first time or returning as a seasoned student, the first day can feel like a monumental event. How can you transform those first-day jitters into joyful confidence?

Introducing "Ready, Set, School!: The Ultimate Back to School Guide with Fun First Day of School Activities." This enchanting and thoughtfully designed 32-page book is the definitive resource for families navigating this significant milestone. It serves as a gentle, empowering guide created specifically to demystify the school experience, build a positive mindset, and provide children with the tools they need to start the year with a beaming smile.

This book moves beyond simple stories and provides a practical, step-by-step journey through 30 encouraging directives. Each page is a mini-guide, presenting simple yet effective first day of school activities and routines that make the unknown feel familiar and safe. The narrative is crafted in accessible, child-friendly language that speaks directly to a young reader's heart, turning potential worries into exciting "I can do that!" moments. Paired with each directive is a unique and creative prompt for a warm, vibrant illustration, making this a visually stunning experience that captures a child's imagination.

Inside this comprehensive back to school guide, you and your child will explore:

The Excitement of Preparation: Discover how to turn the back to school checklist into a thrilling adventure. The book includes guidance on activities like packing the "adventure bag" (backpack), choosing a special first-day outfit to boost confidence, and establishing a healthy sleep routine for superhero energy.
Navigating the First Day Journey: From the emotional but happy goodbye hug at the door to the first brave steps onto the school bus, this guide provides a reassuring roadmap. It gently prepares children for meeting their new teacher and finding their own special spot in the classroom, turning the classroom into a welcoming home base.
Essential Social Skills & Fun Activities: A core focus of the book is fostering crucial social skills. It provides actionable advice and easy-to-understand scenarios for making new friends, the magic of sharing, the power of being a good listener, and why kindness is a superpower. These foundational lessons are some of the most important first day of school activities a child can learn.
Building a Lifelong Love for Learning: The book is designed to instill a love for learning from day one. It encourages curiosity, celebrates the courage to try new things, and normalizes making mistakes as a part of the learning process. It powerfully communicates that it's always okay to ask for help, building a foundation of resilience and academic confidence.
Understanding School Routines: Simple, illustrated guides explain common classroom procedures in a non-intimidating way. Children will learn about lining up, what to expect at lunchtime and recess, the fun of story time, and the importance of teamwork during clean-up time.
For parents and educators, this book is an invaluable asset for the back to school period. It serves as the perfect conversation starter, allowing you to discuss feelings, expectations, and strategies together. It provides a shared language and a positive framework to refer to, making the entire process smoother and more connected.

"Ready, Set, School!" is the ultimate companion to ensure your child feels seen, heard, and prepared. Prepare your child for a successful and joyful return to the classroom and make this back to school transition the best one yet. Give them the gift of confidence and start their academic year off right

The Ultimate Back to School Guide with Fun First Day of School Guide

A dog is one of the most popular pets that people keep all over the world. The overwhelming majority of them tend to give dogs all they can. Keepers want their dogs to have totally comfortable lives, so they buy comfortable clothes, great toys, and the best rated dog food for their pets. Why does it happen exactly that way?



According to the research data available in different sources online, more and more families and lonely people decide to have dogs nowadays. What is the deal? How can you explain that? Maybe, people just feel better together with their beloved pets? That seems to be true. However, there are other reasons for a person to get a dog and, of course, keep it. Here below, you can find the best and most important reasons to have a dog nearby.



Before we proceed, though, it is important to note that the particular breed of a dog does not matter much here. You can choose the breed according to your preferences and criteria and still be confident that the factors below apply.



Walking with a Dog is Cool



Regular walking down the streets familiar to you can become much more exciting when your beloved dog is walking beside you. In addition, your wellbeing and physical shape receive a significant boost.



Why so? That is simple. Dog keepers just have to spend 30 minutes outside twice a day. That is the time when you exercise and breathe fresh air every day. A dog owner is forced to make walking their routine, so the new routine element improves their health a lot.



Dogs Help People Make Friends



Think about that. Many people decide to get and keep a dog due to the same simple reason: they are lonely. The point is, their loneliness is not acceptable for them, so such dog owners want to meet new people and make friends. Is it a problem?



It is not if you have a dog! As it was already mentioned, you need to walk with your dog in the evening without excuses. So, simply go to a local park in the evening together, and it will not be a challenge for you to make new contacts there.



Your Dog is Surely Your Friend



That is another reason for people to keep their pets with love and get top rated dog foods for them. People and even families can feel lonely not only when they feel it difficult to make new connections. The lack of trust is a completely different factor preventing them from having a friend or two.



When speaking of a dog, you can always be sure that its happy face when it sees you is entirely sincere. Your dog is absolutely satisfied to have such a good and kind keeper. 



Humans are social creatures who need love. Your dog’s love can add a lot of positivity to your regular days. It will make you smile much more frequently than you used to do before getting a pet! 



A Dog is an Effective and Free Antidepressant



You can relax and have fun easily while playing with your dog. At least, your routine responsibilities and activities will get out of your mind during that pet play session. That is extremely useful, especially regarding the crazy tempo of modern reality that does not allow people to relax at all.



Additionally, a dog can be your antidepressant or at least an effective mental healthcare assistant. Psychotherapists working with people who suffer from depression recommend their patients to spend more time with pets, such as cats or dogs. It is proven by science that playing with their beloved animals can increase the level of the “happiness hormone” (serotonin) in human blood. Why shouldn’t you use that effect to make your life brighter?



A Dog Cultivates Responsibility



Families deciding to get a dog frequently assume that their kids will become more responsible if there will be a pet in their house. However, that is only one part of the truth.



The other one is that the dog can cultivate responsibility not only in children. Adults become more self-confident and responsible when they own a dog, too. The point is, you can’t avoid caring about your dog, and that fact alone adds you a lot of mental and spiritual discipline.



To Conclude



If you are thinking about getting a dog for yourself or your children, you’ll have to take a bunch of connected responsibilities. However, a pet will give you a lot in return: friendship, love, faith, and the reason to go in for self-improvement.



Do you still have doubts?



Come on. Just go and get that dog already!



P.S. Don’t forget to visit toprateddogfoods.com to find out more about high-quality food for your pet. It deserves the best you can give!



The Reasons to Have a Dog

Culture, intercultural communication, cross-cultural communication

Adjectives to describe feelings, emotions

Adjectives to describe personality and character

Adjectives: Gradable / Non-gradable adjectives

Articles: Definite or indefinite article (a, an or the)

BE + infinitive structures (e.g. he was to become famous)

Clauses of contrast (e.g.  although, while)

Clauses of purpose (e.g. in order to, so that, so as to)

Clauses of reason (e.g. because, because of, due to, as, since)

Cleft sentences (e.g. It's Joey we're looking for)

Comparison: Comparative adjectives and structures

Comparison: Superlative adjectives and structures

Conditional 2 (second conditional) - would

Conditionals: Conditional phrases (e.g. unless, provided that, as long as)

Conjunctions (aka connectives, e.g. and, but, or, so, then)

Contractions (shortened forms, e.g. don't, aren't, etc.)

Determiners (words that can come before nouns)

Formal and informal English (politeness or colloquial language)

Future perfect continuous (progressive) tense

Future perfect simple and continuous (progressive) tense

Future phrases (e.g. be about to, bound to, likely to, due to, set to + INF)

Homonyms (two words with the same pronunciation - homophones and homographs)

It as preparatory subject (e.g. it's raining, it's nice of you to)

Linking verbs (aka copulas, e.g. I am a student)

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how to accuse somebody of something in English

how to apologize, say sorry, forgive and express regret in English

how to ask for information and make inquiries in English

how to ask for something, make requests in English

how to blame somebody for something in English

how to defend yourself from criticism in English

how to deny or admit something in English

how to describe things or people in English

how to emphasize important things in English

how to encourage or discourage people in English

how to evaluate people or progress in English

how to express agreement /disagreement in English

how to express approval and disapproval  in English

how to express cause and effect in English

how to express interest in something in English

how to express likelihood, probability in English

how to express likes and dislikes in English

how to express sequence and chronology in English

how to express shock and disbelief in English

how to express sympathy and condolences in English

how to give permission, authorization in English

how to inform somebody about some news in English

how to interpret what was said in English

how to keep a conversation going in English

how to make guesses about something in English

how to make, accept and refuse offers in English

how to order or make a booking in English

how to persuade, convince people in English

how to praise people and express appreciation in English

how to reassure somebody of something in English

how to refuse and object to something in English

how to remind people of something in English

how to rephrase, paraphrase what was said in English

how to say thank you, express gratitude in English

Nouns: Collective nouns (team, class, family, committee)

Nouns: Proper nouns (names of people, cities, companies)

Oxymorons (phrases with words of contradictory meaning, e.g. living dead)

Participles: Past participle (e.g. HAVING DONE)

Participles: Present participle (e.g. DOING)

Parts of Speech (aka word classes, e.g. nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)

Past perfect continuous (progressive) tense

Phonetics (pronunciation, IPA, phonetic symbols)

Plural nouns: regular plurals with S ending

Prefixes (e.g. A, UN, IM, DIS, MIS, EN, etc. )

Prepositions vs adverbs (e.g. before me, saw him before.)

Prepositions: Double prepositions (e.g. out of)

Prepositions: Participle prepositions (e.g. pending, concerning)

Prepositions: Phrase prepositions (e.g. by means of)

Present perfect continuous (progressive) tense

Present perfect simple or present continuous tense

Present simple tense: S for third person singular verbs

Present simple vs continuous (progressive) tense

Pronouns: EACH OTHER, ONE ANOTHER (reciprocal pronouns)

Pronouns: Possessive pronouns (e.g. my, mine)

Pronouns: Reflexive pronouns (e.g. myself, yourself))

Pronouns: SOMEBODY, ANYBODY, EVERYBODY, NO ONE, NOTHING, etc.

Pronouns: THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE (demonstratives)

Pronouns: YOU and THEY to talk about people in general

Quantifiers (e.g. some, many, much, any, few, little)

Questions: WH questions (open-ended questions)

Reported speech: reported questions (indirect questions)

There is / there are / there was / there were / there will be, etc.

Verbs: Transitive or intransitive verbs (words that can or cannot stand with objects)

Working with Paragraphs: ordering, titling

Role play, miming, drama activity or improv game

Pictionary (picture dictionary) or picture matching

Writing an opinion essay (persuasive essay)

Learners who are Pre-A1 have just begun learning English and will first learn how to:<ul><li>Say the letters in the alphabet and numbers</li><li>Say hello, talk about names and age</li><li>Name the colors and dates, express likes and dislikes</li></ul>

Absolute beginners who have begun to learn the letters and numbers

Learners taking the A1 Elementary exam should be able to:<ul><li>Introduce themselves and ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, things he/she has, people he/she knows.</li><li>Communicate using very basic phrases as long as the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.</li><li>Main grammar points to know: common adjectives & adverbs of frequency, going to, how much/how many, imperatives, I'd like, 's – possessive, common prepositions of place and time, present simple & continuous, there is/are</li></ul>

A very basic tourist level, which is enough for buying food and a bus ticket

Learners taking the A2 Pre-intermediate exam should be able to:<ul><li>Understand sentences and frequently used expressions (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment).</li><li>Complete tasks that are routine and exchange information about familiar matters.</li><li>Describe matters of immediate need in simple terms.</li><li>Main grammar points to know: countable/uncountable nouns, adverbs of frequency, future will/going to, much/many, present perfect, past simple, past continuous, common phrasal verbs, common modals: can/should</li></ul>

A tourist who can do basic conversations about the past, present and future

Learners taking the B1 Intermediate exam should be able to:<ul><li>Understand points regarding family, work, school or leisure-related topics.</li><li>Deal with most travel situations in areas where the language is spoken.</li><li>Create simple texts on topics of personal interest.</li><li>Describe experiences, events, dreams, and ambitions, as well as opinions or plans in brief.</li><li>Main grammar points to know: question tags, intensifiers: too/enough, future tenses, past tenses, modals, conditionals, wh-questions in the past</li></ul>

Learners who can deal with both familiar and routine situations, in friendly and work contexts

Learners taking the B2 Upper-intermediate exam should be able to:<ul><li>Understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialization.</li><li>Interact with fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without difficulty for either party.</li><li>Produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain an opinion on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.</li><li>Main grammar points to know: perfect tenses, mixed conditionals, modals in the present, phrasal verbs, reported speech, wish, relative clauses</li></ul>

The level where you can be a tour guide for your foreign friends and talk about a lot of topics, even abstract ones, with ease and fluency

Learners taking the C1 Advanced exam should be able to: Express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts. Produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, using linking phrases (=words that connect ideas between sentences). Main grammar points to know: inversion, mixed conditionals, modals in the past, all passive forms, phrasal verbs (all patterns), wish/if only for regrets

Learners who can smoothly communicate in every walk of life, read long texts and write well

Learners taking the C2 Proficient exam should be able to:<ul><li>Understand almost everything read or heard with ease.</li><li>Summarize information from a variety of sources into a coherent presentation.</li><li>Express themselves using precise meaning in complex scenarios.</li><li>Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in the most complex situations</li></ul>

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11 Give way signs English ESL worksheets pdf & doc